Adenovirus infection in children can be a concern for parents. It originates from a group of viruses known as adenovirus, which can affect various parts of a child's body.
This condition can lead to a range of symptoms and complications. Therefore, it is essential to understand adenovirus infections in children to improve their well-being and prevent the spread of this contagious disease.
Definition of Adenovirus
Adenovirus refers to a group of viruses that commonly infect the eyes, respiratory tract, lungs, as well as the intestines, urinary tract, and nervous system.
Typically, adenovirus causes symptoms such as fever, sore throat, cough, cold, diarrhea, and red eyes. In some cases, it can lead to severe infections like encephalitis and intussusception.
Is Adenovirus Contagious?
Adenovirus is contagious, and most children will experience some form of adenovirus infection before the age of 10.
These infections often occur in places where large groups of children gather, such as daycare centers, kindergartens, and camps.
Because adenovirus is highly contagious, adults can also become infected by children or when working with groups of children.
Symptoms of Adenovirus in Children
Each type of adenovirus infection can affect children differently. Most adenovirus infections are mild with few symptoms.
Those who contract respiratory infections may experience symptoms 2-14 days after exposure, including:
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Severe cough
- Red eyes
- Headache
- Runny nose
Children with gastrointestinal infections may show symptoms 1-2 days after being infected, and this typically occurs in children under 5 years of age. Gastrointestinal symptoms can last 1-2 weeks and include:
- Fever
- Abdominal pain and tenderness
- Vomiting
- Severe diarrhea
Difference beteween fever and Adenovirus
Most of the time, adenovirus causes illnesses that resemble a common fever with cough, runny nose, and fever. It is often challenging to distinguish between the two viruses clinically because their symptoms are similar.
The most reliable way to differentiate them is through a nasal swab test to detect the presence of the virus.
Treatment for Adenovirus
There is no specific treatment for adenovirus infections because they are viral infections, and antibiotics are ineffective.
If a child is infected, the treatment focuses on providing supportive care and relieving symptoms associated with the infection.
For respiratory infections, treatment may include oral hydration, bronchodilator use, and supplemental oxygen.
For gastrointestinal infections, oral hydration is also necessary, and if needed, intravenous fluids may be required to keep the child hydrated.
Typically, adenovirus infections are mild, and children recover within a week. However, children with weakened immune systems may experience more severe adenovirus infections and may need hospitalization.
Hospitalization is also required in the following conditions:
- Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing, signs of airway obstruction
- Signs of dehydration such as fewer wet diapers/urine, dry lips
- Persistent fever
- Child/baby becoming lethargic
Is There a Vaccine to Prevent Adenovirus Infection?
Due to the various types of adenovirus, it is challenging to develop a vaccine to prevent adenovirus infections. There is no adenovirus vaccine available in Malaysia.
How Adenovirus Infections Spread
The following are common ways adenovirus is transmitted:
- Respiratory Infections: Through droplets from coughing and sneezing by an infected person. Children can also become infected by being in close proximity to an infected person or by touching surfaces contaminated with secretions or contact with an infected person. The virus can survive on toy surfaces, tables, etc., for several hours.
- Gastrointestinal Infections: This usually occurs through fecal-oral contact. It typically happens due to poor hand hygiene or consumption of contaminated food or water.
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